This approach may create a precedent for other ancient genome studies to predict facial features when the skulls are extremely degraded. This is the first instance of publishing an ancient individuals' face prediction using DNA-only in a scientific journal. These results support a well-documented post- Three Kingdoms period Korean history, suggesting that Koreans of that time were intermixing within the peninsula, and their genetic differences were diminishing until the Korean population became homogeneous as we know it today.Ī detailed DNA-based facial feature prediction for the eight genomes showed that the Three Kingdoms period Koreans resembled modern Koreans. Modern Koreans, on the other hand, appear to have lost this Jomon-related genetic component owing to a relative genetic isolation that followed the Three Kingdoms period. "This means that in the past, the Korean peninsula showed more genetic diversity than in our times" says Gelabert. The genomes of the remaining two were slightly closer to modern Japanese and ancient Japanese Jomons. Six out of eight ancient individuals were genetically closer to modern Koreans, modern Japanese, Kofun Japanese (Kofun genomes are contemporaneous with individuals from our study), and Neolithic Koreans. We have observed that there is no clear genetic difference between the grave owners and the human sacrifices" explains Anthropologist Pere Gelabert. The Three Kingdoms period in ancient Korea from the 1st century BCE to 7th century CE actually saw four states dominate the peninsula: Silla, Gaya, Baekje, and Goguryeo.
"The individual genetic differences are not correlated to the grave typology, indicating that the social status in the Three Kingdoms Korea would not be related to genetic ancestry. The Three Kingdoms Period is the period when three kingdoms existed on the Korean Peninsula: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. All burial sites are typical for the Gaya region funerary practices in AD 300-500. Some of the eight studied individuals were identified as tomb owners, others as human sacrifices, and one, a child, was buried in a shell mound, a typical funerary monument of Southeast Asia that is not related to privileged individuals. Between 57 AD and 668 AD, the land that is now known as North and South Korea was called the Three Kingdoms because of its division into three kingdoms.
The eight ancient skeletal remains used for DNA extraction and bioinformatic analyses came from the Daesung-dong tumuli, the iconic funerary complex of the Gaya confederacy, and from Yuha-ri shell mound both archeological sites located in Gimhae, South Korea. Three Kingdoms Period of Korean History Korea has a vast and rich heritage but also one based upon civil war and the attempt to create a single unified country through force if necessary. The study, published in Current Biology, showed that ancient Koreans from Gaya confederacy were more diverse than the present-day Korean population.
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